C#编程：SQLite数据库的使用方法

轻量级桌面程序数据库不太适合用SQLServer、MySQL之类的重量级数据库，嵌入式数据库更好。在对比Access、SQLite、Firebird数据库后发现SQLite较另外两个有较多优点。

环境：.NET Framework 3.5、windows11 64位、Visual Studio 2010.

C#使用SQLite需要从SQLite官网下载DLL组件。

我是windows11，64位的开发环境，最开始下载的64位的，结果运行时报异常。通过查资料，情况比较复杂（参考：
https://blog.51cto.com/xxjjing/5804868），遂重新下载了32位的包：
sqlite-netFx35-binary-Win32-2008-1.0.117.0

SQLite版本：1.0.117.0

下载地址：https://system.data.sqlite.org/index.html/doc/trunk/www/downloads.wiki

下载后将包解压放到一个固定目录，需要依赖System.Data.SQLite.dll和SQLite.Interop.dll这两个文件，

在项目里右键项目 > 添加引用 > 选“浏览”选项卡，找到解压后的目录，引入System.Data.SQLite.dll，另一个文件SQLite.Interop.dll不可以通过引用方式添加，必须只能复制文件到运行目录下，通过调试发现程序会自动把System.Data.SQLite.dll也复制到运行目录下，System.Data.SQLite.dll和SQLite.Interop.dll文件会在一起。（尝试过直接复制这两个文件到程序的运行目录下不可行，Visual Studio里不管怎么刷新项目的引用列表都不会出现这两个文件，运行会报错。）

C# 中使用SQLite示例：

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel;using System.Data;using System.Drawing;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Windows.Forms;using System.Data;using System.Data.SQLite;namespace SQLiteTest{    public partial class Form1 : Form    {        public Form1()        {            InitializeComponent();        }        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            Console.WriteLine("SQL Lite 数据库试验");            // 连接数据库，FailIfMissing=false时若文件不存在会自动创建            string connStr = "Data Source=test.db;Version=3;Pooling=true;FailIfMissing=false;";            SQLiteConnection conn = new SQLiteConnection(connStr);            conn.Open();            //在指定数据库中创建一个table            string sql = "create table highscores (name varchar(20), score int)";            SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);            command.ExecuteNonQuery();            // 插入一些数据            sql = "insert into highscores (name, score) values ('Me', 3000)";            command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);            command.ExecuteNonQuery();            sql = "insert into highscores (name, score) values ('Myself', 6000)";            command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);            command.ExecuteNonQuery();            sql = "insert into highscores (name, score) values ('And I', 9001)";            command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);            command.ExecuteNonQuery();            // 查询数据            sql = "select * from highscores order by score desc";            command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);            SQLiteDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();            while (reader.Read())            {                Console.WriteLine("Name: " + reader["name"] + "\tScore: " + reader["score"]);            }        }    }}

一般建表使用文本文件，不使用代码建（build.sql）：

-- 管理员账号表create table admin (  id integer primary key,  admin_account nvarchar(32) not null,  password nvarchar(32) not null);insert into admin (admin_account, password) values ('admin', '123456');-- 学生表create table user (  id integer primary key,  user_account nvarchar(32) not null,  user_name nvarchar(32) not null,  password nvarchar(32) not null,  create_time timestamp default current_timestamp);-- file表create table file (  id integer primary key,  user_account nvarchar(32) not null,  user_name nvarchar(32) not null,  file_path nvarchar(256) not null,  upload_start_time timestamp,  upload_end_time timestamp,  upload_ip nvarchar(20),  file_md5 nvarchar(32),  file_size integer,  file_suffix nvarchar(3));-- 文件删除历史表create table file_remove_history (  id integer primary key,  user_account nvarchar(32) not null,  user_name nvarchar(32) not null,  file_path nvarchar(256) not null,  upload_start_time timestamp,  upload_end_time timestamp,  upload_ip nvarchar(20),  file_md5 nvarchar(32),  file_size integer,  file_suffix nvarchar(3),  remove_user nvarchar(20),  remove_time timestamp default current_timestamp);

从外部文件执行sql

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel;using System.Data;using System.Drawing;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Windows.Forms;using System.Data;using System.Data.SQLite;using System.IO;namespace U8FileBackupServer{    public partial class Form1 : Form    {                string dbFile = System.Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\xxx.db";        public Form1()        {            InitializeComponent();        }        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            if (!File.Exists(dbFile))            {                Console.WriteLine("文件不存在，执行创建。");                SQLiteConnection.CreateFile(dbFile);                // 连接数据库，FailIfMissing=false时若文件不存在也会自动创建                SQLiteConnection conn = new SQLiteConnection("Data Source=" + dbFile + ";Version=3;Pooling=true;FailIfMissing=false;");                conn.Open(); // 打开连接                // 建表                string sqlText = new StreamReader(System.Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\build.sql").ReadToEnd();                Console.WriteLine("= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =");                Console.WriteLine(sqlText);                Console.WriteLine("= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =");                SQLiteCommand cmd = new SQLiteCommand(sqlText, conn);                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();                conn.Close(); // 关闭连接            }                        SQLiteConnection conn1 = new SQLiteConnection("Data Source=" + dbFile + ";Version=3;Pooling=true;FailIfMissing=true;");            conn1.Open();　　　　　　　　// 插入一些数据            string sql = "insert into admin (id, admin_account, password) values ('111', '管理员', 'admin')";            SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn1);            command.ExecuteNonQuery();　　　　　　　　// 查询数据            sql = "select * from admin";            command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn1);            SQLiteDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();            while (reader.Read())            {                Console.WriteLine("admin_account: " + reader["admin_account"] + "\tpassword: " + reader["password"]);            }            conn1.Close();        }    }}

自增列

主键字段添加 integer 关键字，insert时会自动生成自增值

create table file (  id integer primary key,  ...);

SQLite插入记录时自增列字段不需要指定值

insert into user (user_account, user_name, password) values ('zhangsan', '张三', '123456')

C# 封装 SQLite 工具类：

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Runtime.InteropServices;using System.IO;using System.Data;using System.Data.SQLite;namespace U8FileBackupServer{    /// <summary>    /// SQLite数据库操作工具类    /// </summary>    class DBUtil    {        static string dbFile = System.Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\u8file.db";        /// <summary>        /// 检查和初始化数据库        /// </summary>        public static void checkAndInitDB()        {            if (!File.Exists(dbFile))            {                Console.WriteLine("文件不存在，执行创建。");                SQLiteConnection.CreateFile(dbFile);                // 连接数据库，FailIfMissing=false时若文件不存在也会自动创建                SQLiteConnection conn = new SQLiteConnection("Data Source=" + dbFile + ";Version=3;Pooling=true;FailIfMissing=false;");                conn.Open(); // 打开连接                // 建表                string sqlText = new StreamReader(System.Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\build.sql").ReadToEnd();                Console.WriteLine("= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =");                Console.WriteLine(sqlText);                Console.WriteLine("= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =");                SQLiteCommand cmd = new SQLiteCommand(sqlText, conn);                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();                conn.Close(); // 关闭连接            }        }        /// <summary>        /// 通用查询方法        /// 用法：        /// DataTable result = DBUtil.query("select * from admin");        /// string username = result[0]["username"];        /// </summary>        /// <param name="sql"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public static List<Dictionary<string, object>> query(string sql)        {            List<Dictionary<string, object>> result = new List<Dictionary<string, object>>();            SQLiteConnection conn = new SQLiteConnection("Data Source=" + dbFile + ";Version=3;Pooling=true;FailIfMissing=true;");            conn.Open();            SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);            SQLiteDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();            while (reader.Read())            {                Dictionary<string, object> kv = new Dictionary<string, object>();                for (int i = 0; i < reader.FieldCount; i++)                {                    kv[reader.GetName(i)] = reader.GetValue(i);                }                result.Add(kv);            }            command.Dispose();            conn.Dispose();            return result;        }        /// <summary>        　　　　 /// 通用修改方法，返回影响的行数        /// </summary>        /// <param name="sql"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public static int update(string sql)        {            SQLiteConnection conn = new SQLiteConnection("Data Source=" + dbFile + ";Version=3;Pooling=true;FailIfMissing=true;");            conn.Open();            SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);            int rowCount = command.ExecuteNonQuery();            command.Dispose();            conn.Dispose();            return rowCount;        }    }}

SQLite中时间的处理

存储日期值，建表时可以使用 timestamp 字段，可在建表时通过 default current_timestamp 设置默认值。

create table demo (  id integer primary key,  ...  create_time timestamp default current_timestamp);

在插入数据时候指定timestamp字段的值为当前系统时间（localtime 表示使用本地时区）

insert into demo(create_time) values(datetime(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'localtime'));

直接指定timestamp的值

insert into demo(create_time) values('2023-05-27 11:23:45');

C#中指定SQLite timestamp的值（如果C#获取时间用了localtime，则sqlite中不能再用）

string sql = "insert into demo(create_time) values(datetime('" + DateTime.Now.ToLocalTime().ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") + "'));"

根据时间作为条件查询

string timeSql = "select * from file where upload_start_time > '2023-05-20 00:00:00' and upload_end_time > '2023-05-27 14:20:00'  order by upload_start_time ";List<Dictionary<string, object>> data3 = query(timeSql);foreach (Dictionary<string, object> row in data3){　　Console.WriteLine(row["id"] + "\t" + row["user_name"] + "\t" + row["upload_start_time"] + "\t" + row["upload_start_time"] + "\t" + row["upload_end_time"] + "\t" + row["file_size"]);}

也支持betwwen语句

查询总数、最大id

List<Dictionary<string, object>> total = query("select count(id) as count from file");Console.WriteLine("总记录数：" + total.First()["count"]);List<Dictionary<string, object>> maxid = query("select max(id) as maxid from file");Console.WriteLine("最大id：" + maxid.First()["maxid"]);            

分页查询

string timeSql = "select * from file where upload_start_time between '2020-04-20 00:00:00' and '2024-05-20 00:00:00' order by upload_start_time limit 5 Offset 0 ";List<Dictionary<string, object>> data3 = query(timeSql);foreach (Dictionary<string, object> row in data3){    Console.WriteLine(row["id"] + "\t" + row["user_name"] + "\t" + row["upload_start_time"] + "\t" + row["upload_start_time"] + "\t" + row["upload_end_time"] + "\t" + row["file_size"]);}

更多参考资料：

组件包引用参考：
https://blog.csdn.net/wzj0808/article/details/78910457/

执行sql参考：
https://www.cnblogs.com/LeeSki/p/14381192.html

SQLite中的字段类型：
https://www.cnblogs.com/wjcoding/p/11671335.html