四类数据库去重技巧大全,终极收藏版

发表时间: 2020-11-14 00:22

概述

今天主要闲聊Oracle、MySQL、sqlserver、pg数据库在删除重复数据时是怎么实现的,仅供参考。


一、Oracle数据库去重

1、环境准备

可以看到“ALLEN”和“SMITH”这两个人的数据重复了,现在要求表中name重复的数据只保留一行,其他的删除。

CREATE TABLE hwb(    id int,    name varchar(10));INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(1, 'TOM');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(2, 'ALLEN');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(3, 'ALLEN');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(4, 'SMITH');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(5, 'SMITH');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(6, 'SMITH');commit;SELECT * FROM hwb;


2、实现方法一:通过分组后,拿最小的id重复删除

 delete from hwb a where a.id  in         (select min(id) FROM hwb a group by name having count(name) > 1)



3、实现方法二:通过name相同,id不同的方式来判断

DELETE FROM hwb a WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1          FROM hwb b         WHERE a.name = b.name           AND a.id > b.id);



4、实现方法三:用rowid代替id,替换删除

DELETE FROM hwb a WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1          FROM hwb b         WHERE a.name = b.name           AND a.rowid > b.rowid);



5、实现方法四:通过分析函数根据name分组生成序号,然后删除序号大于1的数据。

语法格式:row_number() over(partition by 分组列 order by 排序列 desc)

在使用 row_number() over()函数时候,over()里头的分组以及排序的执行晚于 where 、group by、 order by 的执行。

DELETE FROM hwb aWHERE ROWID IN (SELECT rid                   FROM (SELECT ROWID as rid,                                ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY name ORDER BY id) AS seq                           FROM hwb)                  WHERE seq > 1);



6、【推荐】实现方法五:根据rowid删除

DELETE FROM hwb a WHERE a.ROWID > (SELECT MIN(b.ROWID) FROM hwb b WHERE a.name = b.name);




二、MySQL数据库去重

1、环境准备

CREATE TABLE hwb(    id BIGINT (4) not null,    name varchar(10),    PRIMARY KEY (id) ) ENGINE = INNODB;INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(1, 'TOM');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(2, 'ALLEN');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(3, 'ALLEN');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(4, 'SMITH');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(5, 'SMITH');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(6, 'SMITH');commit;SELECT * FROM hwb;

2、实现方法一:通过分组后,拿最大/最小的id重复删除

--重复删除多次delete from hwb where id in (select id from        (select max(b.id) as id FROM hwb b group by name having count(name) > 1)c )--或者修改为以下,只需删除一次delete from hwb WHERENAME IN (select name from ( SELECT NAME FROM hwb b GROUP BY NAME HAVING count( NAME ) > 1 ) t)AND id NOT IN (select tt.id from (SELECT max(c.id ) as id FROM hwb c GROUP BY NAME HAVING count( NAME ) > 1 ) tt)


3、实现方法二:

根据name分组,查找出id最小的,然后再查找id不包含刚才查出来的。这样就查询出了所有的重复数据(除了id最小的那行)

delete from hwb WHERE id NOT IN (select tt.id from (SELECT min(c.id ) as id FROM hwb c GROUP BY NAME ) tt)


4、实现方法三:通过name相同,id不同的方式来判断

delete  from hwb  where  id in ( select id from (select * from hwb aWHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1          FROM hwb b         WHERE a.name = b.name           AND a.id > b.id))c );


5、实现方法四:用rowid代替id,替换删除

在 Oracle 数据库的表中的每一行数据都有一个唯一的标识符,称为 rowid ,在 Oracle 内部通常就是使用它来访问数据的。

而在 MySQL 中也有一个类似的隐藏列 _rowid 来标记唯一的标识。但是需要注意 _rowid 并不是一个真实存在的列,其本质是一个 非空唯一列 的别名。

在某些情况下 _rowid 是不存在的,其只存在于以下情况:

1)当表中存在一个 数字类型 的单列主键时, _rowid 其实就是指的是这个主键列

2)当表中 不存在主键 但存在一个 数字类型 的 非空唯一列 时, _rowid 其实就是指的是对应 非空唯一列 。

需要注意以下情况是不存在 _rowid 的

1)主键列 或者 非空唯一列 的类型不是 数字类型

2)主键 是联合主键

3)唯一 列不是非空的。

delete  from hwb  where  id in ( select id from (select * from hwb aWHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1          FROM hwb b         WHERE a.name = b.name           AND a._rowid > b._rowid))c );


ps:还可考虑表切换完成去重步骤。


三、sqlserver数据库去重

1、环境准备

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[hwb] (  [id] decimal(12)   NULL,  [name] nvarchar(10) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS  NOT NULL)GOALTER TABLE [dbo].[hwb] SET (LOCK_ESCALATION = TABLE)GOINSERT INTO hwb VALUES(1, 'TOM');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(2, 'ALLEN');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(3, 'ALLEN');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(4, 'SMITH');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(5, 'SMITH');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(6, 'SMITH');GO


2、实现方法一:通过分组后,拿最大/最小的id重复删除

--重复删除多次delete from hwb  where id  in       (select min(id) FROM hwb a group by name having count(name) > 1)--或者修改为以下,只需删除一次select * from hwb -- delete from hwbWHERENAME IN (SELECT NAME FROM hwb b GROUP BY NAME HAVING count( NAME ) > 1 )AND id NOT IN (SELECT max(c.id ) as id FROM hwb c GROUP BY NAME HAVING count( NAME ) > 1 )


3、实现方法二:根据name分组,查找出id最小的,然后再查找id不包含刚才查出来的

这样就查询出了所有的重复数据(除了id最小的那行)

delete from hwb WHERE id NOT IN (select tt.id from (SELECT min(c.id ) as id FROM hwb c GROUP BY NAME ) tt)


4、实现方法三:通过name相同,id不同的方式来判断

DELETE FROM hwb a WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1          FROM hwb b         WHERE a.name = b.name           AND a.id > b.id);


5、实现方法四:用hash值代替id,替换删除

%%lockres%%会返回聚集索引键的hash值,

非聚集索引,%%lockres%%会返回非聚集索引键的hash值

delete from hwb a WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1          FROM hwb b         WHERE a.name = b.name           AND a.%%lockres%% > b.%%lockres%%);


6、实现方法五:通过分析函数根据name分组生成序号,然后删除序号大于1的数据。

语法格式:row_number() over(partition by 分组列 order by 排序列 desc)

在使用 row_number() over()函数时候,over()里头的分组以及排序的执行晚于 where 、group by、 order by 的执行。

DELETE FROM hwb aWHERE	id IN (	SELECT	b.id 	FROM	(SELECT id, ROW_NUMBER () OVER ( PARTITION BY name ORDER BY id ) AS seq FROM hwb) b 	WHERE	b.seq > 1 );


7、【推荐】实现方法六:根据hash值删除

DELETE FROM hwb a WHERE a.%%lockres%% > (SELECT MIN(b.%%lockres%%) FROM hwb b WHERE a.name = b.name);



四、pg数据库删除重复数据

1、环境准备

set search_path to 'public'; \dt   --list tablesCREATE TABLE hwb(    id INT PRIMARY KEY  NOT NULL,    name CHAR(10));INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(1, 'TOM');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(2, 'ALLEN');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(3, 'ALLEN');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(4, 'SMITH');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(5, 'SMITH');INSERT INTO hwb VALUES(6, 'SMITH');SELECT * FROM hwb;

2、实现方法一:通过分组后,拿最大/最小的id重复删除

--重复删除多次delete from hwb where id in (select max(b.id) as id FROM hwb b group by name having count(name) > 1)--或者修改为以下,只需删除一次delete  from hwb WHERENAME IN (SELECT NAME FROM hwb b GROUP BY NAME HAVING count(NAME) > 1)AND id NOT IN (SELECT max(c.id ) as id FROM hwb c GROUP BY NAME HAVING count( NAME ) > 1);


3、实现方法二:

根据name分组,查找出id最小的,然后再查找id不包含刚才查出来的。这样就查询出了所有的重复数据(除了id最小的那行)

delete  from hwb WHERE id NOT IN (SELECT min(c.id ) as id FROM hwb c GROUP BY NAME );


4、实现方法三:通过name相同,id不同的方式来判断

delete from hwb aWHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1          FROM hwb b         WHERE a.name = b.name           AND a.id > b.id);


5、[推荐]实现方法四:用ctid代替id,替换删除

delete from hwb aWHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM hwb bWHERE a.name = b.name AND a.ctid > b.ctid);--或者如下:select * from hwb WHERE ctid NOT IN (SELECT min(ctid) as id FROM hwb GROUP BY NAME );


6、[最高效推荐]实现方法五:用ctid代替id,结合row_number替换删除

delete FROM hwb a WHERE a.ctid = ANY (array (SELECT ctid FROM (SELECT row_number() over(PARTITION BY NAME) as seq, ctid FROM hwb ) t 	WHERE t.seq > 1));



写这个主要是平时删除重复数据的需求还是挺多的,所以就顺便总结了各类数据库的删除重复数据的一些方式,大家有空也可以测试一下..

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